public toilet vs toilet

public toilet and toilet both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
public toilet	Yes	No	No	No
toilet	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, toilet is a hypernym of public toilet; that is, toilet is a word with a broader meaning than public toilet:

Other hypernyms of public toilet include facility, bathroom, can, john, lav, lavatory, privy.

public toilet (noun)	toilet (noun)
a toilet that is available to the public	the act of dressing and preparing yourself
	a room or building equipped with one or more toilets
	a plumbing fixture for defecation and urination
	misfortune resulting in lost effort or money