query vs ask

query is a noun but ask is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
query	Yes	No	Yes	No
ask	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, ask is a hypernym of query; that is, ask is a word with a broader meaning than query:

Other hypernyms of query include enquire, inquire.

query (noun)	ask (noun)
an instance of questioning

query (verb)	ask (verb)
pose a question	make a request or demand for something to somebody
	direct or put; seek an answer to
	address a question to and expect an answer from
	consider obligatory; request and expect
	require or ask for as a price or condition
	make a date
	require as useful, just, or proper