ravine vs canyon

ravine and canyon both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
ravine	Yes	No	No	No
canyon	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, canyon is a hyponym of ravine; that is, canyon is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than ravine:

ravine: a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)
canyon: a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

Other hyponyms of ravine include canon, gorge.

ravine (noun)	canyon (noun)
a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)	a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall