resident physician vs Dr.

resident physician and Dr. both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
resident physician	Yes	No	No	No
Dr.	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Dr. is a hypernym of resident physician; that is, Dr. is a word with a broader meaning than resident physician:

resident physician: a physician (especially an intern) who lives in a hospital and cares for hospitalized patients under the supervision of the medical staff of the hospital
Dr.: a licensed medical practitioner

Other hypernyms of resident physician include doc, doctor, MD, medico, physician.

resident physician (noun)	Dr. (noun)
a physician (especially an intern) who lives in a hospital and cares for hospitalized patients under the supervision of the medical staff of the hospital	a licensed medical practitioner
	a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution