saint vs patron saint

saint and patron saint both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
saint	Yes	No	Yes	No
patron saint	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, patron saint is a hyponym of saint; that is, patron saint is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than saint:

saint: a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization
patron saint: a saint who is considered to be a defender of some group or nation

saint (noun)	patron saint (noun)
person of exceptional holiness	a saint who is considered to be a defender of some group or nation
model of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equal
a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

saint (verb)	patron saint (verb)
declare (a dead person) to be a saint
hold sacred