silver birch vs birch tree

silver birch and birch tree both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
silver birch	Yes	No	No	No
birch tree	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, birch tree is a hypernym of silver birch; that is, birch tree is a word with a broader meaning than silver birch:

silver birch: European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branches
birch tree: any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark

Other hypernyms of silver birch include birch.

silver birch (noun)	birch tree (noun)
European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branches	any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark