sloop vs sailing ship

sloop and sailing ship both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
sloop	Yes	No	No	No
sailing ship	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, sailing ship is a hypernym of sloop; that is, sailing ship is a word with a broader meaning than sloop:

sloop: a sailing vessel with a single mast set about one third of the boat's length aft of the bow
sailing ship: a vessel that is powered by the wind; often having several masts

Other hypernyms of sloop include sailing vessel.

sloop (noun)	sailing ship (noun)
a sailing vessel with a single mast set about one third of the boat's length aft of the bow	a vessel that is powered by the wind; often having several masts