socialist vs Menshevik

socialist and Menshevik both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
socialist	Yes	Yes	No	No
Menshevik	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Menshevik is a hyponym of socialist; that is, Menshevik is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than socialist:

socialist: a political advocate of socialism
Menshevik: a Russian member of the liberal minority group that advocated gradual reform and opposed the Bolsheviks before and during the Russian Revolution

Other hyponyms of socialist include Fabian, internationalist, collectivist, left-winger, leftist.

socialist (noun)	Menshevik (noun)
a political advocate of socialism	a Russian member of the liberal minority group that advocated gradual reform and opposed the Bolsheviks before and during the Russian Revolution

socialist (adjective)	Menshevik (adjective)
advocating or following the socialist principles