staining vs dyeing

staining and dyeing both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
staining	Yes	No	No	No
dyeing	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, dyeing is a hypernym of staining; that is, dyeing is a word with a broader meaning than staining:

staining: (histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study
dyeing: the use of dye to change the color of something permanently

staining (noun)	dyeing (noun)
(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study	the use of dye to change the color of something permanently
the act of spotting or staining something