stock market vs stock exchange

stock market and stock exchange both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
stock market	Yes	No	No	No
stock exchange	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, stock market and stock exchange are synonyms defined as:

stock market and stock exchange: an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers

Other synonyms of stock market include securities market.

stock market (noun)	stock exchange (noun)
an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers	an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers