subtraction vs minus

subtraction and minus both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
subtraction	Yes	No	No	No
minus	Yes	Yes	No	No

As nouns, subtraction and minus are synonyms defined as:

subtraction and minus: an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated

subtraction (noun)	minus (noun)
the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole)	an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated
an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated

subtraction (adjective)	minus (adjective)
	on the negative side or lower end of a scale
	involving disadvantage or harm