superiority vs arrogance

superiority and arrogance both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
superiority	Yes	No	No	No
arrogance	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, arrogance is a hypernym of superiority; that is, arrogance is a word with a broader meaning than superiority:

superiority: displaying a sense of being better than others
arrogance: overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors

Other hypernyms of superiority include haughtiness, hauteur, high-handedness, lordliness.

superiority (noun)	arrogance (noun)
the quality of being superior	overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors
the quality of being at a competitive advantage
displaying a sense of being better than others
the state of excelling or surpassing or going beyond usual limits