sweeper vs cleaning device

sweeper and cleaning device both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
sweeper	Yes	No	No	No
cleaning device	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, cleaning device is a hypernym of sweeper; that is, cleaning device is a word with a broader meaning than sweeper:

sweeper: a cleaning implement with revolving brushes that pick up dirt as the implement is pushed over a carpet
cleaning device: any of a large class of implements used for cleaning

Other hypernyms of sweeper include cleaning equipment, cleaning implement.

sweeper (noun)	cleaning device (noun)
little-known nocturnal fish of warm shallow seas with an oblong compressed body	any of a large class of implements used for cleaning
a cleaning implement with revolving brushes that pick up dirt as the implement is pushed over a carpet
an employee who sweeps (floors or streets etc.)