throat infection vs sore throat

throat infection and sore throat both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
throat infection	Yes	No	No	No
sore throat	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, sore throat is a hypernym of throat infection; that is, sore throat is a word with a broader meaning than throat infection:

throat infection: an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
sore throat: inflammation of the fauces and pharynx

Other hypernyms of throat infection include pharyngitis, raw throat, infection.

throat infection (noun)	sore throat (noun)
an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus	inflammation of the fauces and pharynx