tiger cub vs Panthera tigris

tiger cub and Panthera tigris both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
tiger cub	Yes	No	No	No
Panthera tigris	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Panthera tigris is a hypernym of tiger cub; that is, Panthera tigris is a word with a broader meaning than tiger cub:

tiger cub: a young tiger
Panthera tigris: large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered

Other hypernyms of tiger cub include cub, young carnivore, tiger.

tiger cub (noun)	Panthera tigris (noun)
a young tiger	large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered