ventilation shaft vs airway

ventilation shaft and airway both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
ventilation shaft	Yes	No	No	No
airway	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, airway is a hypernym of ventilation shaft; that is, airway is a word with a broader meaning than ventilation shaft:

ventilation shaft: a shaft in a building; serves as an air passage for ventilation
airway: a duct that provides ventilation (as in mines)

Other hypernyms of ventilation shaft include air duct, air passage, shaft.

ventilation shaft (noun)	airway (noun)
a shaft in a building; serves as an air passage for ventilation	a commercial enterprise that provides scheduled flights for passengers
	a duct that provides ventilation (as in mines)
	the passages through which air enters and leaves the body
	a designated route followed by airplanes in flying from one airport to another