vertebral column vs spinal column

vertebral column and spinal column both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
vertebral column	Yes	No	No	No
spinal column	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, vertebral column and spinal column are synonyms defined as:

vertebral column and spinal column: the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord

Other synonyms of vertebral column include back, backbone, rachis, spine.

vertebral column (noun)	spinal column (noun)
the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord	the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord