worker vs worker bee

worker and worker bee both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
worker	Yes	No	No	No
worker bee	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, worker bee is a hyponym of worker; that is, worker bee is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than worker:

worker: sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
worker bee: sterile bee specialized to collect food and maintain the hive

Other hyponyms of worker include soldier.

worker (noun)	worker bee (noun)
sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae	sterile bee specialized to collect food and maintain the hive
a person who works at a specific occupation
a member of the working class (not necessarily employed)
a person who acts and gets things done