Jewess vs Israelite

Jewess and Israelite both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Jewess	Yes	No	No	No
Israelite	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, Israelite is a hypernym of Jewess; that is, Israelite is a word with a broader meaning than Jewess:

Jewess: a woman who is a Jew
Israelite: a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties

Other hypernyms of Jewess include Hebrew, Jew.

Jewess (noun)	Israelite (noun)
a woman who is a Jew	a native or inhabitant of the ancient kingdom of Israel
	a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties