Tribes of Israel vs tribe

Tribes of Israel and tribe both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Tribes of Israel	Yes	No	No	No
tribe	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, tribe is a hypernym of Tribes of Israel; that is, tribe is a word with a broader meaning than Tribes of Israel:

Tribes of Israel: twelve kin groups of ancient Israel each traditionally descended from one of the twelve sons of Jacob
tribe: group of people related by blood or marriage

Other hypernyms of Tribes of Israel include clan, kin, kin group, kindred, kinship group.

Tribes of Israel (noun)	tribe (noun)
twelve kin groups of ancient Israel each traditionally descended from one of the twelve sons of Jacob	a social division of (usually preliterate) people
	a federation (as of American Indians)
	group of people related by blood or marriage
	(biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily