Vitis vinifera vs grapevine

Vitis vinifera and grapevine both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
Vitis vinifera	Yes	No	No	No
grapevine	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, grapevine is a hypernym of Vitis vinifera; that is, grapevine is a word with a broader meaning than Vitis vinifera:

Vitis vinifera: common European grape cultivated in many varieties; chief source of Old World wine and table grapes
grapevine: any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries

Other hypernyms of Vitis vinifera include grape, grape vine.

Vitis vinifera (noun)	grapevine (noun)
common European grape cultivated in many varieties; chief source of Old World wine and table grapes	gossip spread by spoken communication
	any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries