ale vs wheat beer

ale and wheat beer both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
ale	Yes	No	No	No
wheat beer	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, wheat beer is a hyponym of ale; that is, wheat beer is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than ale:

ale: a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume
wheat beer: a general name for beers made from wheat by top fermentation; usually very pale and cloudy and effervescent

Other hyponyms of ale include Weissbier, white beer, bitter, Burton, pale ale, porter's beer, porter, stout.

ale (noun)	wheat beer (noun)
a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume	a general name for beers made from wheat by top fermentation; usually very pale and cloudy and effervescent