arctic vs polar

arctic is a noun but polar is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
arctic	Yes	Yes	No	No
polar	No	Yes	No	No

As adjectives, arctic and polar are synonyms defined as:

Other synonyms of arctic include frigid, gelid, glacial, icy.

arctic (noun)	polar (noun)
a waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow

arctic (adjective)	polar (adjective)
extremely cold	of or existing at or near a geographical pole or within the Arctic or Antarctic Circles
	located at or near or coming from the earth's poles
	having a pair of equal and opposite charges
	extremely cold
	being of crucial importance
	characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed