polar vs arctic

polar is not a noun while arctic is a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
polar	No	Yes	No	No
arctic	Yes	Yes	No	No

As adjectives, polar and arctic are synonyms defined as:

Other synonyms of polar include frigid, gelid, glacial, icy.

polar (noun)	arctic (noun)
	a waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow

polar (adjective)	arctic (adjective)
of or existing at or near a geographical pole or within the Arctic or Antarctic Circles	extremely cold
located at or near or coming from the earth's poles
having a pair of equal and opposite charges
extremely cold
being of crucial importance
characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed