bonus vs payment

bonus and payment both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
bonus	Yes	No	No	No
payment	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, payment is a hypernym of bonus; that is, payment is a word with a broader meaning than bonus:

bonus: an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output
payment: a sum of money paid or a claim discharged

bonus (noun)	payment (noun)
anything that tends to arouse	the act of paying money
an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output	an act of requiting; returning in kind
	a sum of money paid or a claim discharged