catastrophe vs bad luck

catastrophe and bad luck both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
catastrophe	Yes	No	No	No
bad luck	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, bad luck is a hypernym of catastrophe; that is, bad luck is a word with a broader meaning than catastrophe:

catastrophe: an event resulting in great loss and misfortune
bad luck: unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

Other hypernyms of catastrophe include misfortune.

catastrophe (noun)	bad luck (noun)
an event resulting in great loss and misfortune	unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event
a sudden violent change in the earth's surface	an unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate
a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune	an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes