caution vs discernment

caution and discernment both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
caution	Yes	No	Yes	No
discernment	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, discernment is a hypernym of caution; that is, discernment is a word with a broader meaning than caution:

Other hypernyms of caution include discretion.

caution (noun)	discernment (noun)
the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger	the trait of judging wisely and objectively
the trait of being circumspect and prudent	the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations
judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger	the cognitive condition of someone who understands
a warning against certain acts	perception of that which is obscure
	delicate discrimination (especially of esthetic values)

caution (verb)	discernment (verb)
warn strongly; put on guard