charwoman vs adult female

charwoman and adult female both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
charwoman	Yes	No	No	No
adult female	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult female is a hypernym of charwoman; that is, adult female is a word with a broader meaning than charwoman:

Other hypernyms of charwoman include cleaner, woman.

charwoman (noun)	adult female (noun)
a human female employed to do housework	an adult female person (as opposed to a man)