choler vs ill temper

choler and ill temper both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
choler	Yes	No	No	No
ill temper	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, ill temper is a hyponym of choler; that is, ill temper is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than choler:

choler: a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance
ill temper: a persisting angry mood

choler (noun)	ill temper (noun)
a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the liver and to cause irritability and anger	a persisting angry mood
a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance
an irritable petulant feeling