common bean vs edible bean

common bean and edible bean both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
common bean	Yes	No	No	No
edible bean	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, edible bean is a hypernym of common bean; that is, edible bean is a word with a broader meaning than common bean:

common bean: any of numerous beans eaten either fresh or dried
edible bean: any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food

Other hypernyms of common bean include bean.

common bean (noun)	edible bean (noun)
any of numerous beans eaten either fresh or dried	any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food
the common annual twining or bushy bean plant grown for its edible seeds or pods