communicating artery vs arteria

communicating artery and arteria both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
communicating artery	Yes	No	No	No
arteria	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, arteria is a hypernym of communicating artery; that is, arteria is a word with a broader meaning than communicating artery:

communicating artery: any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
arteria: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

Other hypernyms of communicating artery include arterial blood vessel, artery.

communicating artery (noun)	arteria (noun)
any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis	a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body