component vs portion

component and portion both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
component	Yes	No	No	No
portion	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, portion is a hypernym of component; that is, portion is a word with a broader meaning than component:

component: an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system
portion: something less than the whole of a human artifact

Other hypernyms of component include part.

As nouns, component and portion are synonyms defined as:

component and portion: something determined in relation to something that includes it

Other synonyms of component include component part, constituent, part.

component (noun)	portion (noun)
an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system	the allotment of some amount by dividing something
an abstract part of something	something less than the whole of a human artifact
something determined in relation to something that includes it	an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal
	assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group
	money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage
	something determined in relation to something that includes it
	your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

component (verb)	portion (verb)
	give out