dancing partner vs partner

dancing partner and partner both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
dancing partner	Yes	No	No	No
partner	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, partner is a hypernym of dancing partner; that is, partner is a word with a broader meaning than dancing partner:

dancing partner: one of a pair of people who dance together
partner: an associate in an activity or endeavor or sphere of common interest

Other hypernyms of dancing partner include collaborator, cooperator, pardner, dancer, social dancer.

dancing partner (noun)	partner (noun)
one of a pair of people who dance together	an associate in an activity or endeavor or sphere of common interest
	a person's partner in marriage
	a person who is a member of a partnership

dancing partner (verb)	partner (verb)
	provide with a partner
	act as a partner