dandruff vs exfoliation

dandruff and exfoliation both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
dandruff	Yes	No	No	No
exfoliation	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, exfoliation is a hypernym of dandruff; that is, exfoliation is a word with a broader meaning than dandruff:

dandruff: loose scales shed from the scalp
exfoliation: a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin

Other hypernyms of dandruff include scale, scurf.

dandruff (noun)	exfoliation (noun)
loose scales shed from the scalp	a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin
a condition in which white scales of dead skin are shed by the scalp	the peeling off in flakes or scales of bark or dead skin