exfoliation vs dandruff

exfoliation and dandruff both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
exfoliation	Yes	No	No	No
dandruff	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, dandruff is a hyponym of exfoliation; that is, dandruff is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than exfoliation:

exfoliation: a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin
dandruff: loose scales shed from the scalp

Other hyponyms of exfoliation include dander.

exfoliation (noun)	dandruff (noun)
a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin	loose scales shed from the scalp
the peeling off in flakes or scales of bark or dead skin	a condition in which white scales of dead skin are shed by the scalp