enlisted woman vs adult female

enlisted woman and adult female both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
enlisted woman	Yes	No	No	No
adult female	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult female is a hypernym of enlisted woman; that is, adult female is a word with a broader meaning than enlisted woman:

Other hypernyms of enlisted woman include enlisted person, woman.

enlisted woman (noun)	adult female (noun)
a female enlisted person in the armed forces	an adult female person (as opposed to a man)