estimate vs pass judgment

estimate is a noun but pass judgment is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
estimate	Yes	No	Yes	No
pass judgment	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, pass judgment is a hypernym of estimate; that is, pass judgment is a word with a broader meaning than estimate:

Other hypernyms of estimate include evaluate, judge.

estimate (noun)	pass judgment (noun)
a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody
an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth
the respect with which a person is held
a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)
a statement indicating the likely cost of some job

estimate (verb)	pass judgment (verb)
judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)	form a critical opinion of
judge to be probable