fact vs reason

fact and reason both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
fact	Yes	No	No	No
reason	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, reason is a hyponym of fact; that is, reason is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than fact:

fact: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred
reason: a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion

Other hyponyms of fact include case, detail, item, point, particular, specific, general, matter of fact, observation, score, truth.

fact (noun)	reason (noun)
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred	the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
a concept whose truth can be proved	a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened	a justification for something existing or happening
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed	an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
	a rational motive for a belief or action
	the state of having good sense and sound judgment

fact (verb)	reason (verb)
	think logically
	decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion
	present reasons and arguments