hostel vs lodging

hostel and lodging both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
hostel	Yes	No	No	No
lodging	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, lodging is a hypernym of hostel; that is, lodging is a word with a broader meaning than hostel:

hostel: inexpensive supervised lodging (especially for youths on bicycling trips)
lodging: structures collectively in which people are housed

Other hypernyms of hostel include housing, living accommodations.

hostel (noun)	lodging (noun)
inexpensive supervised lodging (especially for youths on bicycling trips)	the act of lodging
a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers	structures collectively in which people are housed
	the state or quality of being lodged or fixed even temporarily