husband vs partner

husband and partner both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
husband	Yes	No	Yes	No
partner	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, partner is a hypernym of husband; that is, partner is a word with a broader meaning than husband:

Other hypernyms of husband include adult male, man, better half, married person, mate, spouse.

husband (noun)	partner (noun)
a married man; a woman's partner in marriage	an associate in an activity or endeavor or sphere of common interest
	a person's partner in marriage
	a person who is a member of a partnership

husband (verb)	partner (verb)
use cautiously and frugally	provide with a partner
	act as a partner