judgment vs dictum

judgment and dictum both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
judgment	Yes	No	No	No
dictum	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, dictum is a hyponym of judgment; that is, dictum is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than judgment:

judgment: the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision
dictum: an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding

Other hyponyms of judgment include concurring opinion, dissenting opinion, majority opinion, fatwah, obiter dictum.

judgment (noun)	dictum (noun)
(law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it	an authoritative declaration
the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event	an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding
the capacity to assess situations or circumstances shrewdly and to draw sound conclusions
the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions
the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations
an opinion formed by judging something
the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision