lecture vs castigate

lecture is a noun but castigate is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
lecture	Yes	No	Yes	No
castigate	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, castigate is a hyponym of lecture; that is, castigate is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than lecture:

Other hyponyms of lecture include chasten, chastise, correct, objurgate, brush down, tell off.

lecture (noun)	castigate (noun)
teaching by giving a discourse on some subject (typically to a class)
a speech that is open to the public
a lengthy rebuke

lecture (verb)	castigate (verb)
censure severely or angrily	censure severely
deliver a lecture or talk	inflict severe punishment on