married woman vs adult female

married woman and adult female both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
married woman	Yes	No	No	No
adult female	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult female is a hypernym of married woman; that is, adult female is a word with a broader meaning than married woman:

Other hypernyms of married woman include better half, married person, mate, partner, spouse, woman.

married woman (noun)	adult female (noun)
a married woman; a man's partner in marriage	an adult female person (as opposed to a man)