materfamilias vs adult female

materfamilias and adult female both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
materfamilias	Yes	No	No	No
adult female	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult female is a hypernym of materfamilias; that is, adult female is a word with a broader meaning than materfamilias:

Other hypernyms of materfamilias include head of household, woman.

materfamilias (noun)	adult female (noun)
a female head of a family or tribe	an adult female person (as opposed to a man)