pain vs twinge

pain and twinge both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
pain	Yes	No	Yes	No
twinge	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, twinge is a hyponym of pain; that is, twinge is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than pain:

Other hyponyms of pain include mittelschmerz, phantom limb pain.

pain (noun)	twinge (noun)
a somatic sensation of acute discomfort	a sharp stab of pain
something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness	a sudden sharp feeling
emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid
a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

pain (verb)	twinge (verb)
cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed	squeeze tightly between the fingers
cause emotional anguish or make miserable	cause a stinging pain
	feel a sudden sharp, local pain