twinge vs pain

twinge and pain both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
twinge	Yes	No	Yes	No
pain	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, pain is a hypernym of twinge; that is, pain is a word with a broader meaning than twinge:

Other hypernyms of twinge include pain sensation, painful sensation.

twinge (noun)	pain (noun)
a sharp stab of pain	a somatic sensation of acute discomfort
a sudden sharp feeling	something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness
	emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid
	a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

twinge (verb)	pain (verb)
squeeze tightly between the fingers	cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed
cause a stinging pain	cause emotional anguish or make miserable
feel a sudden sharp, local pain