patient vs inmate

patient and inmate both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
patient	Yes	Yes	No	No
inmate	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, inmate is a hyponym of patient; that is, inmate is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than patient:

patient (noun)	inmate (noun)
the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause	one of several resident of a dwelling (especially someone confined to a prison or hospital)
a person who requires medical care	a patient who is residing in the hospital where he is being treated
	a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison

patient (adjective)	inmate (adjective)
enduring trying circumstances with even temper or characterized by such endurance