patient vs hypertensive

patient and hypertensive both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
patient	Yes	Yes	No	No
hypertensive	Yes	Yes	No	No

As nouns, hypertensive is a hyponym of patient; that is, hypertensive is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than patient:

patient (noun)	hypertensive (noun)
the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause	a person who has abnormally high blood pressure
a person who requires medical care

patient (adjective)	hypertensive (adjective)
enduring trying circumstances with even temper or characterized by such endurance	having abnormally high blood pressure