hypertensive vs patient

hypertensive and patient both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
hypertensive	Yes	Yes	No	No
patient	Yes	Yes	No	No

As nouns, patient is a hypernym of hypertensive; that is, patient is a word with a broader meaning than hypertensive:

hypertensive (noun)	patient (noun)
a person who has abnormally high blood pressure	the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause
	a person who requires medical care

hypertensive (adjective)	patient (adjective)
having abnormally high blood pressure	enduring trying circumstances with even temper or characterized by such endurance