patriarch vs adult male

patriarch and adult male both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
patriarch	Yes	No	No	No
adult male	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult male is a hypernym of patriarch; that is, adult male is a word with a broader meaning than patriarch:

Other hypernyms of patriarch include head of household, man.

patriarch (noun)	adult male (noun)
the male head of family or tribe	an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
any of the early biblical characters regarded as fathers of the human race
title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem)
a man who is older and higher in rank than yourself